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Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism

While the West shifts to streaming, Japanese terrestrial TV remains astonishingly powerful. This is due to the "Gakkyoku" (Broadcasting station) system: TV networks own the production companies, the music labels, and the talent agencies.

The Japanese government continues to support creative industries as a way to enhance "soft power," stimulating the economy through merchandise, international conventions, and tourism. Future Outlook