: By April 2001, almost the entire Madurese population had been forced to flee Central Kalimantan to avoid the violence. Casualties and Impact
The tension between the two groups had been simmering for decades, largely fueled by the "Transmigration Program" initiated by the Indonesian government. This policy moved thousands of residents from densely populated islands like Madura to Kalimantan. Cultural misunderstandings, economic competition, and land disputes created a volatile environment. The spark in Sampit allegedly began with an attack on a Dayak house, leading to a massive and violent retaliation. The Scale of the Tragedy video asli perang sampit dayak vs madura top