For the modern reader viewing the PDF, three core concepts stand out:
This is the most debated verse in the theology of attributes (Quran 20:5: "The Most Merciful rose over the Throne" ). In the PDF, Ibn Taymiyyah dedicates extensive pages to proving that Istiwa' is a real action of God, known in meaning (rising/conquering), but unknown in modality. He does not say "a body sitting on a chair," but he rejects the Ash’ari interpretation that it means "conquest" or "dominion" entirely. al-tadmuriyyah pdf