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At its core, veterinary behavior is rooted in physiology. Behavior is not just "personality"—it is the outward expression of an animal’s neurobiology, endocrinology, and evolution.

Understanding animal behavior is essential for pain management. Most prey species (horses, rabbits, cows) and many predators (cats) have an evolutionary instinct to mask signs of pain to avoid appearing vulnerable to predators. zooskool torrent verified