Natural actives like or Bentonite Clay love to clump. A dispersant (like glycerin) mixed with the powder before adding water prevents "fish eyes" (those annoying dry powder balls floating in your gel).

Months later, Elara didn't just have a collection of creams; she had a philosophy. Her skin, once dull and reactive, now glowed with the vitality of ingredients that had once seen the sun. She realized the PDF was free not because it lacked value, but because the wisdom of the earth couldn't be owned.

A Z of Natural Cosmetic Formulation | PDF | Emulsion - Scribd

Detailed looks at humectants, preservatives, chelators, and carrier oils.